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Myeloma

Myeloma, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells grow uncontrollably and can damage bones, kidneys, and the immune system.

Common Symptoms

  • Bone pain, especially in the back or ribs
  • Frequent infections
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Increased thirst
  • Nausea or constipation
  • Easy fractures or weak bones
  • Numbness or weakness in the legs
  • Kidney problems

Diagnosis

Doctors may use several tests to diagnose myeloma:

  • Physical examination and medical history
  • Blood tests and urine tests
  • Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP)
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • X-rays, CT scan, MRI, or PET scan
  • Kidney function tests
  • Genetic and molecular testing

Treatments

Treatment depends on the stage and severity of the disease:

  • Chemotherapy
  • Targeted therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Steroid medications
  • Stem cell or bone marrow transplant
  • Radiation therapy for bone lesions
  • Supportive treatments for bone and kidney health